Electronic commerce

Electronic commerce Introduction Electronic commerce,is also known as electronic marketing,consist of process of buying,selling or exchanging products,services or information via computer network.The amount of trade conducted electronically grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. Electronic commerce started more than 20 years ago in the form of Electronic Data Interexchange(EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer(EFT) Followed in the 1980s by Automated Teller Machine(ATM),telephone banking and the extensive use of on-line credit card transaction.There are three concept in E-commerce such as brick-and-mortar,virtual, and click and mortar. The brick-and-mortar concept The brick-and-mortar is refer to business that have physical presence which is rather than virtual or online.Furthermore,stores(physical material such as brick and mortar) that we can drive to end enter physically to touch,purchase and see the merchandise.It is term as the basic for the click and mortar.The brick-and-mortar business is old-economy organization(corporation) that perform most of their business whithout network(off-line).It is selling physical product by means of physical agents. The vitual pure play organization(virtual) In e-commerce pure-play I refer to organization that originated and does business purely through the internet.It has no physical store(brick-and-mortar) where customers can shop.Examples of large pure play companies are Amazon.com and Netflix.com. The click-and-mortar concept The click-and-mortar concept is refer to combination of traditional(brick-and-mortar) and online establishment,such as store,bank and website.Transaction can be initiated and finalized either at the website(‘click)or at the physical site(‘mortar) The transformation in organization(brick to click) Many of organizational structures of todays business were designed more than 100 years ago when when computer-based information system were not available.Besides,information is really comparative and difficult to process.Plus,communition system is too old to use in daliy life.More than 10 years a ago Peter Drucker heralded the coming of a new organizational type,an organization composed largely of specific who discipline and direct their own performance through organized feedback from headquarters,colleagues and customers. Few years ago,when pure-play organization is cant stand anymore in business,other organization think to expand their sale,so click-and-mortar start to be use.The area pure-play fall short are precisely the areas in which brick-and-mortar companies took place in business. Before this,we use brick-and-mortar also.This concept can be use in organization,but to expand the business is hard because the business is just spread around its area because brick-and-mortar organization only sell physically outside the network.People from other places cant purchase thingS from it because they did not know about it.Soon,they realize that to make a successful business,it must go online. Click-and-mortar is not about praising one business model at the expense of another.It is also about combining the strength of both to develop the most positive consumer experience possible because in the e-commerce world,the customer will determine the winner. The advantage of using click-and-mortar concept in organization

What are the qualities of an effective employee? Essay

In recent times, companies have to very competitive. Many companies want to improve their productivity. When it comes to productivity, employee and management effectiveness is of the utmost importance so companies can make more profit and compete better against other companies. Therefore, this essay will explain the qualities of an effective employee and outline the way bosses can increase the employees’ effectiveness. There are several factors that can make employees more efficient. The first factor is welcoming criticism. This is something that a lot of people hate. Conversely, good workers like it more than hate it. For instance, excellent employees will think criticism from others can lead to solving problems (Simmons 2008-2010). In addition, Simmons (2008-2010) reports that good workers actively pursue other people’s opinion rather than avoiding them. The author goes on to say that good workers will listen to criticism from everyone even when they know the other worker dislikes and disagrees with them. The second factor is increasing self discipline. It can help workers to work more consistently and seriously. An example to illustrate this point is that effective workers should have high spirits anytime, even when they are not feeling stimulated and energetic (Simmons 2008-2010). In addition, they must work diligently even though they are in a bad mood (Simmons 2008-2010). Furthermore, Simmons (2008-2010) explains that they need to give the boss one hundred percent support all the time. The final factor is in tackling opportunities. Successful employees will not miss any opportunities because it is a good chance to show their ability. According to Simmons (2008-2010), excellent employees look at the weak points in their organization as an opportunity to demonstrate their ability and leadership with better results. In addition, opportunities can be anywhere in the workplace, so they need to keep thinking intelligently and creatively (Simmons 2008-2010). In short, a lot of things can make workers more effective, such as welcoming criticism, increasing self discipline and tackling opportunities. Therefore, employees choose to study certain subjects to improve their qualities and make them more effective. On the other hand, bosses can improve employees’ efficiency in certain ways. Firstly, bosses need to understand staff needs. For example, bosses need to have more connection with workers to make workers feel more valuable and feel that the company is like a good family (Smith 2006-2010). Moreover, Smith (2006-2010) reports that bosses can assign different type of tasks and make one day a week as casual dress day for workers because they need variety. Bosses can commend workers that have good qualities and award good workers because they need to feel appreciated in their job (Smith 2006-2010). Secondly, bosses need to know it is important to have a balanced lifestyle for workers. According to Smith (2006-2010), workers can overwork and neglect to look after their health. Thus, bosses should care about work timetables to make sure workers have adequate free time for leisure to relieve their stress (Smith 2006-2010). Furthermore, Smith (2006-2010) explains that bosses can encourage staff to seek their hobbies. Finally, bosses can be positive and enthusiastic around workers. An example to demonstrate this point is that bosses instill hope around workers because it is a positive guide for workers in the future (Smith 2006-2010). When sales are down, bosses can instill enthusiasm to raise sales so employees become more productive and effective (Smith 2006-2010). In addition, hope can push workers to pursue their goals, such as a higher position. In brief, managers need to know about staff needs, understand significance in balanced lifestyle and instill hope to improve employee’ efficiency. In conclusion, better workmanship can be affected by the qualities of employees and bosses using different ways to improve staff efficiency. These include listening to all opinions, improving self discipline and tackling all opportunities. On the management side the result can include recognizing workers needs, understanding the importance of a balance between work time and free time for staff and giving hope to workers. The business world is a highly competitive world. If workers are more effective, it can improve company competitiveness and survival strength. References Simmons, K 2008-2010, Seven habits of highly effective employees, The Black Collegian Career Center, viewed 2 February 2010, . Smith, LH 2006-2010, Three tips for improving employee effectiveness, Personal Best Consulting, viewed 15 April 2011, .

Italian Figures Of The Renaissance - 964 Words

Leonardo Da Vinci, also known by his unnecessarily long Italian name, Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, was probably one of the most well-known Italian figures of the Renaissance. Aside from his many other skilled areas, including but not limited to, a mathematician, engineer, inventor, geologist, writer, anatomist†¦he was considered to be one of the best painters of his time. Of course like most painters, he had to scale the ladder of success, pun intended, which is where the story will begin. Leonardo Da Vinci was the unexpected child of a soon-to-be wed-locked couple on April 15, 1452. His mother was a peasant woman named Caterina da Vinci while his father, who worked as a notary, was Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci (â€Å"Leonardo Di Ser†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Unfortunately, their relationship did not last long and his mother went off to marry someone else. However, both continued to have children with other people and Leonardo was eventually left with 17 half siblings in total. Having grown up with his father, Leonardo had access to plenty of scholarly texts and was introduced to the family painting business (â€Å"Museum of Science†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). When he was 14, his father finally apprenticed him with the artist Verrocchio where for about six years he learned a wide range of skills such as metalworking, sculpting, and drawing. It has been said that when working with Verrocchio, Leonardo painted a piece of the Baptism of Christ so well that Verrocchio put down his brush and gave up his career of paintingShow MoreRelatedNorthern vs. Italian Renaissance Styles: A Comparison of Two Unidentified Images670 Words   |  3 Pages Northern versus Italian Renaissance styles: A comparison of two unidentified images The most notable feature of the far left, Italian Renaissance image is its emphasis on classicism in its design. The dome-shaped building in the background of the painting recalls that of the Pantheon of ancient Rome. 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This renowned city was famous for supplying some of the best artists in the world and for creating the some of the world’s most treasured art. Leonardo da Vinci, possibly one of the greatest painters in the world, was born in Florence and lived his adulthood in Florence, the essence and heart of the Italian Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci virtually changed the world and the Italian Renaissance by greatly influencing it with his fresh

A Study Of Culture And Marvin Harris Cultural Materialism

Anthropology as the study of culture is an intricate practice guided by theory to generate explanatory value from encountered societies. This paper will examine two contrasting angles provided by Ruth Benedict’s configurational anthropology in Patterns of Culture and Marvin Harris’ cultural materialism in Cannibals and Kings. Whereas Benedict’s configurational anthropology approaches culture as an expressive art form, Harris’s cultural materialism explains the peculiarities of cultural customs as a process governed by environmental restraints and innovation. Each theory will be briefly overviewed and then broken down by fundamental axes to guide the comparison. Benedict’s Patterns of Culture introduced the non-anthropologist to cultural relativity and the socially constructed nature of race in the 1930s post World War era. Beyond political agenda, Benedict offers a theory of culture that attempts to explain how individual behavior is molded by the o verarching ethos or spirit of a culture. Benedict argues that culture exists as patterns, which are dominant themes woven throughout cultural institutions that have their own goals and ambitions. These themes determine culturally appropriate behavior by selecting from a metaphorical ‘arc’ of behavioral potentialities that comply with its chosen theme (Benedict 1934:35). In this way, cultural institutions do not exist simply to meet physiological or psychological needs but rather are articulations of a culture’s goals orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Cultural Materialism623 Words   |  3 Pagesof thought often result in a completely new and independent way of thinking. Cultural Materialism is one of these children theories that resulted from a coming together of social evolutionary theory, cultural ecology and Marxist materialism (Barfield). 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It explained change was caused by diffusionRead MoreThe Discipline Of Cultural Anthropology3459 Words   |  14 Pages The discipline of cultural anthropology falls into the idea that culture everywhere is our lives impacts every aspect of our human lives. â€Å"Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings-that is, human creature viewed in the abstract: male, female, all colors and shapes, pre-historic, ancient, and modern. Many cultural anthropologists come to believe that the idea of our past and present societies, from the social and cultural structure of them, to the religion and language, as well as theRead MoreThe Origns of The Species by Charles Darwin Essay2778 Words   |  12 PagesThe Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary defines cultural anthropology as the anthropology that deals with â€Å"human culture [especially] with respect to social structure, language, law, politics, religion, magic, art, and technology† (1998:282). 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